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Fossile CO2-Gesamtemissionen nach Ländern

Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2), allgemeinsprachlich Kohlendioxid, ist als Spurengas mit einem Volumenanteil von etwa 0,04 % (etwa 400 ppm) in der Erdatmosphäre enthalten.

Trotz der geringen Konzentration ist Kohlenstoffdioxid für das Leben auf der Erde in vielerlei Hinsicht von elementarer Bedeutung: Pflanzen nehmen das für sie lebensnotwendige Spurengas auf und geben Sauerstoff ab (Photosynthese), während bei der Atmung der allermeisten Lebewesen und vielen anderen natürlichen Prozessen Kohlenstoffdioxid freigesetzt und in die Erdatmosphäre abgegeben wird.

Als Treibhausgas beeinflusst CO2 durch den Treibhauseffekt das Klima der Erde und durch seine Löslichkeit in Wasser den pH-Wert der Ozeane wesentlich. Im Verlauf der Erdgeschichte schwankte der atmosphärische CO2-Gehalt erheblich und war häufig an einer Reihe gravierender Klimawandel-Ereignisse direkt beteiligt.

Im April 2021 wurde am Mauna-Loa-Observatorium auf Hawaii erstmals eine Konzentration von mehr als 420 ppm gemessen. Über große Teile der vorindustriellen Epoche bis etwa zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts lag dieser Wert noch im Bereich von 280 ppm.

    

Emissionen in Millionen Tonnen CO2

Land19902000200520152019202020212021/%
EU273.819,233.577,213.698,943.097,972.922,052.605,122.774,937,33
Internationaler Flugverkehr258,99352,63418,84524,65617,76338,14390,171,03
Internationaler Schiffsverkehr370,99502,13571,64659,84684,84667,04699,721,85
Welt insgesamt22.717,7325.834,9730.161,5736.301,9837.993,2835.960,6737.857,58100,00
Afghanistan2,911,081,328,368,088,188,350,02
Ägypten91,05127,21177,62240,84268,28243,29259,320,68
Albanien6,653,274,214,925,044,714,590,01
Algerien68,0083,7398,61161,48177,92168,95173,000,46
Angola11,3016,6115,9832,5925,3323,0624,450,06
Anguilla0,010,020,010,030,030,020,030,00
Antigua und Barbuda0,430,490,711,080,850,700,780,00
Äquatorialguinea0,073,009,157,626,556,667,000,02
Argentinien100,66139,43158,69199,42183,17171,86189,000,50
Armenien20,703,664,555,416,266,386,770,02
Aruba0,520,941,371,611,391,141,270,00
Aserbaidschan54,6428,0630,4932,5436,4635,9837,110,10
Äthiopien2,103,745,3213,3919,7918,1719,210,05
Australien278,21354,78386,39396,10406,76376,78367,910,97
Bahamas2,833,402,833,624,403,634,040,01
Bahrain11,9917,7723,3633,4836,7536,4737,490,10
Bangladesch14,4127,5639,9483,53104,84104,14106,870,28
Barbados1,371,601,802,201,911,591,770,00
Belarus108,9956,9261,3059,8162,0457,0958,360,15
Belgien116,63125,74119,34102,77100,2990,7195,920,25
Belize0,330,500,640,940,670,560,640,00
Benin0,421,572,845,838,128,038,630,02
Bermuda0,660,540,760,900,890,740,820,00
Bhutan0,180,420,551,301,891,781,980,01
Bolivien6,598,2210,0720,6222,6320,2522,430,06
Bosnien und Herzegowina24,6814,3616,9320,9022,7722,5515,370,04
Botsuana2,834,194,477,097,386,717,000,02
Brasilien228,60364,75385,32527,94478,17441,37489,861,29
Britische Jungferninseln0,050,130,300,410,200,160,180,00
Brunei Darussalam3,344,895,186,527,357,207,210,02
Bulgarien79,1447,8251,9748,4043,0637,8043,640,12
Burkina Faso0,411,011,273,815,004,955,290,01
Burundi0,250,340,210,420,750,670,710,00
Cabo Verde0,060,320,660,760,860,850,920,00
Chile33,0253,4358,8884,0794,0183,5085,700,23
China2.425,643.703,346.338,4410.771,8211.771,0711.948,1212.466,3232,93
Cookinseln0,040,070,080,090,100,110,110,00
Costa Rica2,935,146,357,748,477,258,090,02
Côte d'Ivoire3,037,066,5511,6013,4313,6414,540,04
Curaçao2,675,676,035,312,211,832,040,01
Dänemark53,5354,0151,3935,1930,6925,9627,280,07
Deutschland1.019,08878,41843,52788,61701,62629,10665,881,76
Dominica0,060,160,330,410,210,170,190,00
Dominikanische Republik8,0419,0218,8323,8827,6225,0427,730,07
Dschibuti1,170,830,820,780,640,570,610,00
Ecuador17,5922,0628,2942,3040,6634,0341,140,11
El Salvador2,645,837,077,608,567,378,180,02
Eritrea0,320,670,610,650,880,790,840,00
Estland37,4816,9619,6619,8915,0413,8614,910,04
Eswatini1,372,843,001,141,591,451,510,00
Falklandinseln0,020,060,220,240,050,050,050,00
Färöer0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00
Fidschi1,001,571,781,531,661,671,730,00
Finnland57,2857,8758,3146,0643,8038,2538,990,10
Frankreich und Monaco385,25401,75407,70334,79323,38279,26302,330,80
Französisch-Guayana0,670,550,750,750,820,780,840,00
Französisch-Polynesien0,840,780,970,950,930,940,970,00
Gabun6,176,616,396,445,585,515,520,01
Gambia0,150,310,370,490,520,520,560,00
Georgien34,755,384,9810,2911,6711,2411,650,03
Ghana3,186,127,2315,8521,0021,5823,640,06
Gibraltar0,140,340,410,590,720,650,670,00
Grenada0,130,230,400,550,370,310,340,00
Griechenland79,0997,10104,8670,5662,8252,2253,370,14
Grönland0,000,000,620,520,510,450,460,00
Großbritannien587,95552,00562,09419,39367,65318,92335,360,89
Guadeloupe1,581,902,092,041,951,631,810,00
Guatemala3,919,6811,6917,0619,9317,4320,190,05
Guinea1,141,661,932,783,263,223,440,01
Guinea-Bissau0,210,230,300,350,300,300,320,00
Guyana1,181,671,492,082,842,692,900,01
Haiti1,151,701,843,453,512,943,240,01
Honduras2,375,067,139,9610,248,719,750,03
Hongkong35,0841,5542,6844,1543,4232,8133,210,09
Indien600,03994,861.215,212.258,492.563,672.396,342.648,787,00
Indonesien161,64297,05361,45513,08647,46591,32602,591,59
Irak69,3388,6487,17137,13181,74165,77177,850,47
Iran204,82352,77467,95629,37669,80690,86710,831,88
Irland32,8644,3347,3638,3736,8032,9235,010,09
Island2,342,873,173,663,252,712,910,01
Israel und Palästina35,3359,4662,2668,1764,6359,9159,590,16
Italien, San Marino und Vatikanstadt430,45457,93498,02355,80334,44295,42319,670,84
Jamaika7,5310,2210,637,098,457,238,080,02
Japan1.171,761.252,931.286,041.242,941.142,061.054,901.084,692,87
Jemen7,0915,7321,9914,2512,3111,6112,050,03
Jordanien10,0916,5020,3225,6525,2023,5124,300,06
Kaimaninseln0,300,480,630,960,940,770,860,00
Kambodscha0,422,002,708,5216,1716,4816,960,04
Kamerun4,815,795,549,2610,459,8110,200,03
Kanada443,26545,03578,00586,65608,49548,45563,541,49
Kasachstan251,79131,42182,63200,07222,85212,89211,210,56
Katar17,0131,7943,6198,61105,3594,7397,690,26
Kenia6,488,628,8717,5922,9821,1122,430,06
Kirgisistan23,714,875,5010,4610,449,7310,780,03
Kiribati0,020,040,060,060,070,070,080,00
Kolumbien52,4161,5360,1281,1783,4473,0477,570,20
Komoren0,050,100,150,160,300,260,280,00
Kongo, Demokratische Republik3,441,972,593,573,373,223,370,01
Kongo. Republik2,404,544,365,787,307,467,370,02
Korea, Demokratische Volksrepublik131,9873,9079,8627,9958,5361,0862,570,17
Korea, Republik271,08483,98516,53643,64650,36605,45626,801,66
Kroatien25,1619,6123,6418,4518,4917,1918,000,05
Kuba38,5428,9626,1929,4426,0321,8224,610,06
Kuwait32,3854,3375,2494,4796,7091,1298,080,26
Laos0,250,941,318,9319,4220,2120,560,05
Lesotho0,130,400,450,570,690,630,650,00
Lettland20,437,578,247,838,086,947,210,02
Libanon5,9815,3016,6026,8827,7424,9725,770,07
Liberia0,450,460,751,191,361,351,440,00
Libyen32,5749,2857,6553,8059,2748,8963,280,17
Litauen35,3211,8114,1213,4314,0313,5613,820,04
Luxemburg11,758,8412,179,359,708,168,450,02
Macau0,941,592,102,622,582,602,660,01
Madagaskar0,811,962,204,525,364,965,300,01
Malawi0,931,461,571,331,871,711,820,00
Malaysia57,51132,52181,81252,61266,21256,19251,560,66
Malediven0,090,680,701,502,122,132,210,01
Mali0,400,931,063,395,595,525,920,02
Malta2,352,162,671,721,721,621,750,00
Marokko22,4533,5044,4461,3972,4267,4373,970,20
Martinique1,682,102,212,142,071,721,900,01
Mauretanien0,771,191,672,654,013,964,260,01
Mauritius1,192,452,983,994,213,864,130,01
Mexiko291,04397,97448,86491,48481,46401,13418,351,11
Moldau31,966,828,288,209,068,949,550,03
Mongolei13,169,0511,1217,6223,5624,5324,990,07
Mosambik1,181,602,706,528,708,038,640,02
Myanmar4,4710,0911,1619,6539,0039,7040,050,11
Namibia1,501,952,594,204,253,954,070,01
Nepal1,103,423,307,3613,6213,9314,310,04
Neukaledonien1,572,292,764,625,415,565,700,02
Neuseeland24,0433,6737,1035,9738,1033,3032,600,09
Nicaragua1,973,774,415,445,264,475,000,01
Niederlande161,44176,70181,96170,69158,80143,11146,870,39
Niger0,630,700,802,162,292,262,470,01
Nigeria74,7799,97100,60110,09120,26120,34127,030,34
Nordmazedonien11,219,059,687,948,627,167,510,02
Norwegen37,4542,9244,2947,2043,3541,6742,330,11
Oman15,5825,3233,0079,2986,4685,6394,620,25
Österreich62,7267,9881,1868,3369,9663,3266,010,17
Pakistan65,35109,41132,46174,17201,01202,05219,790,58
Palau2,152,121,731,201,271,281,320,00
Panama2,745,217,1210,6413,1511,1512,510,03
Papua-Neuguinea2,133,165,375,676,306,396,570,02
Paraguay2,273,753,936,758,738,278,890,02
Peru20,8929,0331,8754,6057,5846,5955,140,15
Philippinen44,2975,7980,73114,28150,67138,70147,960,39
Polen372,04313,29317,81306,07311,97295,93320,770,85
Portugal43,6164,5368,1552,2447,0439,5838,680,10
Puerto Rico0,881,682,334,171,241,211,260,00
Réunion1,092,292,572,702,822,422,580,01
Ruanda0,580,650,681,011,301,171,240,00
Rumänien186,6797,06103,4179,8080,4773,0878,750,21
Russische Föderation2.395,641.673,221.735,031.732,161.881,711.797,601.942,545,13
Salomonen0,160,260,310,320,320,320,330,00
Sambia3,021,962,465,317,086,627,010,02
Samoa0,120,200,220,310,350,350,360,00
São Tomé und Príncipe0,050,060,100,140,160,140,150,00
Saudi-Arabien173,48265,15346,34611,42577,44574,92586,401,55
Schweden58,0958,8556,4746,1642,2138,9738,920,10
Schweiz und Lichtenstein44,9644,9347,1940,3638,5834,2335,070,09
Senegal2,404,045,809,2611,3611,1411,980,03
Serbien und Montenegro66,4450,8461,5357,6457,9057,7239,350,10
Seychellen0,320,861,050,940,991,011,050,00
Sierra Leone0,770,490,631,000,950,941,010,00
Simbabwe17,2114,5211,4112,8812,0911,4412,290,03
Singapur31,6445,5441,8155,3656,8455,8058,180,15
Slowakei60,5041,1242,1634,5234,8233,1137,480,10
Slowenien16,6515,7018,3415,0715,6114,3714,170,04
Somalia0,760,710,830,790,810,720,760,00
Spanien und Andorra232,12314,32371,54273,71256,81212,47231,910,61
Sri Lanka4,2511,4714,5421,5625,5124,5423,860,06
St. Helena, Ascension und Tristan da Cunha0,010,010,010,010,020,020,020,00
St. Kitts und Nevis0,050,200,370,500,310,260,290,00
St. Lucia0,190,360,540,750,780,640,710,00
St. Pierre und Miquelon0,240,090,250,310,100,090,090,00
St. Vincent und die Grenadinen0,080,180,390,480,250,210,230,00
Südafrika313,67346,60434,63458,82470,52427,82435,521,15
Sudan und Südsudan5,596,0310,8921,0222,7120,1321,370,06
Suriname1,621,481,692,732,662,502,710,01
Syrien33,0345,8258,7825,7626,7124,8525,860,07
Tadschikistan12,272,863,285,189,699,2110,130,03
Taiwan121,97224,98267,41280,74278,12268,88288,160,76
Tansania2,113,115,9711,7913,4812,5113,410,04
Thailand94,00174,59228,63278,99281,44265,85269,570,71
Timor-Leste0,000,230,340,660,570,560,570,00
Togo0,771,271,331,562,122,122,260,01
Tonga0,090,110,120,130,160,160,170,00
Trinidad und Tobago12,6718,7434,1135,6032,5829,0628,990,08
Tschad0,290,290,511,562,232,042,210,01
Tschechische Republik162,94130,40127,04105,88102,2192,3897,690,26
Tunesien14,7521,1923,4430,7730,0927,5931,790,08
Türkei150,43226,68244,74366,92416,96416,51449,721,19
Turkmenistan45,6439,3753,0075,9075,5172,3483,320,22
Turks- und Caicosinseln0,010,100,290,440,270,220,250,00
Uganda0,711,612,405,187,136,476,820,02
Ukraine783,50357,27353,20220,53199,58189,72185,460,49
Ungarn72,1858,3960,0447,4550,9349,4050,690,13
Uruguay3,945,545,536,786,686,296,790,02
Usbekistan126,01127,18121,35103,98122,77122,15125,650,33
Vanuatu0,100,090,090,150,210,220,220,00
Venezuela102,74137,95156,19172,62118,79100,16104,670,28
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate56,9088,52122,58207,80199,29189,34193,510,51
Vereinigte Staaten5.067,486.004,365.950,655.179,725.011,104.464,114.752,0812,55
Vietnam20,5356,52100,43221,19333,51322,02321,410,85
Westsahara0,150,260,260,240,230,200,240,00
Zentralafrikanische Republik0,200,300,290,230,280,260,280,00
Zypern4,476,977,856,837,266,436,750,02

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